“Victory smiles upon those who anticipate the changes in the character of war, not upon those who wait to adapt themselves after the changes occur.” 

Giulio Douhet, Italian general & referred as “Father of Strategic Air Power”

The above quote aptly resonates with the need for awareness and an expedient approach towards technological advancements. It emphasizes the importance of sharpening capabilities to reduce or nullify damage in future wars, rather than waiting for the damage to occur and then assessing and transforming as the loser. The aspect is even more essential for maintaining superiority in conflict zones while simultaneously protecting one’s own airspace, strategic sea zone and of course, the surface territories. This requires a commander to be equipped with technologies that continuously stay ahead of the enemy. One such technology is the use of Quantum Sensors in defense and intelligence systems.

Quantum sensors are set to make far-reaching changes in the way a battle planner perceives and interacts with war resources. Quantum sensors operate on the principles of quantum mechanics. Amalgamating Quantum Sensors in the defense & intelligence sector is going to be a massive breakthrough and the implications will be profound.

What are Quantum Sensors?

Unlike Quantum Computers, Quantum Sensors exist today, they are for real. Quantum Sensors are the devices that use the principles of quantum mechanics (superposition, entanglement, and quantum tunnelling) and result in extremely high-quality precision and sensitive sensing abilities compared to traditional sensors. These devices can detect minute changes in acceleration, rotation, gravity, frequency, electrical & magnetic fields, while consuming tiny quantity of energy.

Quantum Sensors operate at atomic and subatomic levels & can measure physical quantities with extreme accuracy.

What is Quantum Mechanics (Superposition, Entanglement, and Quantum tunnelling)?

Quantum mechanics relates to the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of matter and energy at the smallest scales, i.e., atomic or sub-atomic levels.

Superposition is a phenomenon wherein quantum objects can simultaneously exist in more than one state or location. This means an object can remain in two states at one time while being a single object. The concept of superposition allows the quantum bits (qubits) of a computer to perform multiple operations simultaneously, making them faster than traditional computers.

Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum algorithms where qubits can be manipulated collectively, facilitating parallel processing of information. Simply put, when two particles are entangled with each other, we can manipulate the state of both particles just by changing the state of one particle, as they are linked through entanglement.

Quantum tunnelling is a phenomenon where a subatomic particle or atom can be present on the opposite side of the physical obstacle that is normally impossible for the particle to infiltrate.

Application of Quantum Sensors in Defense:

Even when a GPS device is jammed or in an area where satellite signals are weak, quantum sensors cannot be easily interfered with and can provide accurate positioning and navigation guidance.

Quantum sensors can easily detect the tiniest electromagnetic variations of enemy aircraft and submarines, enhancing situational awareness to counter threats.

When integrated into communication channels, quantum sensors help make the channels fully safe and secure, safeguarding sensitive defense communications.

During counter-terrorism operations, quantum sensors are efficient devices for detecting the electromagnetic variations of IEDs (Improvised Explosive Devices) and assisting in their disarmament.

Application of Quantum Sensing in Intelligence:

As part of intelligence operations, quantum sensors can be a boon for surveillance and reconnaissance operations, as well as the detection of underground structures.

Additionally, quantum sensors can be used to enhance cybersecurity, as these devices can easily detect anomalies in data transmission, including cyber-attacks or cyber threats.

Can a Quantum Sensor detect Hypersonic Missiles?

Since quantum sensors operate at the atomic and sub-atomic levels and are extremely sensitive to variations in electromagnetic and gravitational changes in incoming objects, it is logical to say that quantum sensors will be able to detect hypersonic missiles. This capability will need to be validated as quantum sensor technology matures. Probably yes. Time will tell!

Although the potential of quantum sensors is huge, several challenges need to be taken into considerations. These include the development of robust, compatible and scalable quantum technologies, combining with existing defense and intelligence platforms, and making sure the reliability and accuracy of quantum measurements in real-world situation. Overcoming these challenges will require intense research, money, and collaboration between governments, industries and educational institutions.

Countries leading in Quantum Sensing Research:

1. U.S.A: The U.S. has already made significant investments through the National Quantum Initiative Act. Research institutions in the U.S. are currently working expeditiously to develop efficient quantum sensing devices, especially amid the deadly threats of hypersonic missiles from adversaries.
2. China: China has allocated substantial investments towards quantum sensors and quantum physics through the Made in China 2025 policy. Leading institutions in China include the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Centre for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, and the Quantum Experiments at Space Scale project.

Similarly, the U.K., Australia, and Germany are making considerable efforts and investments in quantum sensor research and development, with notable contributions.

Looking ahead, the maturation of quantum technologies will unshackle the complete potential of quantum sensors. As these technologies mature, they are expected to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of defense and intelligence, providing a sharp edge in an increasingly complicated geo-political period.

Quantum sensors signify a new frontier, bringing shifts in battle communications, threat sensing, micro-detection of enemy assets, and many more capabilities that were impossible with traditional technologies. Hiding missiles or military weapons in underground facilities may no longer serve the purpose in the presence of gravimetric quantum sensors. Flying below radar altitude may not be stealthy anymore with the presence of electromagnetic quantum sensors.

Similar to challenges due to advent of AI & lack of laws, Policymakers will face challenges in formulating laws to address scenarios where the use of quantum sensors extends beyond military hands to private bodies and individuals. Battle planners will struggle to maintain secrecy protocols within military institutions and during conflicts with the enemy. As humanity continues to explore and develop these technologies, quantum sensors will undoubtedly become the backbone of modern defense operations and intelligence protocols.